The php function array_splice can be used to insert new items. At specific places.
<?php
$breadcrumbs = [
'home',
'year',
'month',
'day',
];
$new_crumb = [
'category'
];
array_splice($breadcrumbs, 1, 0, $new_crumb);
The result is that category is inserted at the second place.
<?php
array (
0 => 'home',
1 => 'category',
2 => 'year',
3 => 'month',
4 => 'day',
);